The economic administration of a political domain, with any of the forms of government. The wealth of the state depends on the management of economic sources, without which the present prosperity along with the future gain meet destruction. Artha, standing for material prosperity, ensures the means for securing such prosperity. This is also known by the term vṛtti (livelihood) since the essential conditions of material prosperity is governed by the security of human livelihood through agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade as they yield grains, cattle, money, forest produce, and labors. This brings under control the party of the king as well as the enemies: Kṛṣipaśupālye vāṇijyā ca vārtā, dhānya-paśu-hiraṇya-kupya-viṣṭi-pradānā- daupakārikī. Tayā svapakṣaṁ parapakṣaṁ ca vaśīkaroti kośadaṇḍābhyām. Further it is noted that wealth is the source of livelihood of men and in other words, the earth inhabited by men.